Spending the past few weeks in the depths of a Quebec winter, where temperatures dropped to -35°C (often notably colder than the summer in both the Arctic and Antarctic.) reinforced the critical importance of a well-thought-out clothing system. Staying warm isn’t just about piling on layers—it’s about creating an integrated system that minimizes heat loss while still allowing for flexibility and dexterity to perform tasks, particularly photography.
Understanding the Risks: Frostbite & Frostnip
Operating as a photographer in extreme cold presents unique challenges, with frostbite and frostnip being constant threats. At -35°C, exposed skin can suffer damage in minutes, making proper preparation essential. Frostnip, the precursor to frostbite, causes numbness and whitened skin, while frostbite leads to deeper tissue damage. However, cold injuries aren’t just about exposure—staying well-fed and hydrated also plays a role in overall warmth and we must acknowledge that individuals respond to the cold differently.
To mitigate these risks while maintaining dexterity for camera operation, I’ve developed a clothing system through years of experience in polar environments. It prioritises warmth, flexibility, and functionality, allowing me to work efficiently in frigid conditions.
Layering: The Foundation of Warmth
A well-executed layering system traps heat efficiently while allowing moisture to escape. I generally favor synthetic insulation for its ability to retain warmth even when damp, but merino wool remains my go-to for base layers.
Base Layers
A high-quality merino wool base layer is the first line of defense, and on particularly cold days, I add a second merino base layer, significantly increasing warmth without adding bulk. Multiple base layers enhance warmth while preserving flexibility—because being warm but unable to move defeats the purpose.
Mid Layers
I prefer a two-layer mid-layer system:
A thin hooded fleece (for breathability and added warmth).
A synthetic insulated jacket, the primary warmth layer, before the outer shell.
This combination is versatile and moisture-managing, balancing insulation with mobility.
Outer Layer
My preference for thr final barrier against wind and snow is a longer, durable, water- and windproof shell. This should feature:
Drawcords or/and Snow skirts to trap core warmth.
Velcro cuffs and adjustable hems to prevent heat loss.
Multiple easy-access pockets for photography gear.
Gloves: Precision Hand Protection
Protecting hands in extreme cold requires a multi-layered system, especially for photography. Over the years, I’ve refined this system to keep my hands warm while still allowing camera operation:
Windproof liner gloves with touchscreen-compatible fingertips for basic camera adjustments.
Mid-layer mitts with fold-back covers, providing additional insulation while exposing fingers only when necessary.
Oversized waterproof shell mitts with wrist cords—these prevent loss in high winds and serve as a critical final barrier in extreme cold.
Heat packs inside mitts dramatically extend the time I can work outdoors.
This system lets me retain warmth while handling delicate controls without unnecessary exposure.
Head & Neck Protection
The majority of body heat is lost through the head and neck, making proper coverage essential:
A woollen hat for insulation.
A windproof balaclava to shield against biting winds.
On exceptionally cold, windy days, I add a windproof face mask with breathing holes—this reduces exhalation frost buildup while preventing fogging on glasses.
A neck gaiter seals the system, preventing wind from creeping into exposed areas.
Eyewear for Cold Conditions
Goggles offer the best protection against wind and blowing snow, but frequent removal leads to frosting and fogging, making them impractical for photography. Instead, I favor mountaineering sunglasses with adjustable lenses that adapt to different light conditions. They offer sufficient wind protection without the constant fogging issues that come with goggles.
Footwear: Warmth from the Ground Up
Cold feet will end an expedition faster than anything else. My preferred system:
A good mid- to upper-calf snow boot with a thick insulated sole and removable deep-pile liners—essential for drying overnight.
Layered knee high winter socks: a thin moisture-wicking liner paired with thick insulating wool socks.
Toe warmers between sock layers for additional heat on extreme days.
Boots sized up slightly to allow circulation—**tight boots = cold feet!
Use insole foot heaters in colder temperatures.
A well-thought-out footwear system ensures warmth without compromising movement.
Clothing Junctions: Sealing in Heat
Paying attention to small gaps between clothing layers can be the difference between warmth and discomfort. My approach:
Thumb loops in base layers to keep wrists covered, seamlessly sliding into gloves.
Upper mid-layers tucked into trousers, which are then secured beneath outer windproof pants—preventing wind from creeping in.
Snow skirts & drawcords in jackets to trap core warmth.
Specialist knee-length socks under trousers that are tucked into boots, then with the outer waterproof layer over the boots, ensuring snow is shed out and not into the boot.
Mastering these junctions prevents heat loss, making photographing for extended periods outdoors far more comfortable.
Final Thoughts: Small Details Make the Biggest Difference
Thriving in extreme cold requires more than just warm clothing—it demands a system that eliminates weak points. Paying attention to how you are feeling is important and so is taking the time to make adjustments if you feel too warm or too cold. Whether it’s sealing every clothing junction, layering strategically, or ensuring dexterity with a multi-layer glove system, each decision affects warmth and comfort.
After weeks in Quebec’s winter, these systems have once again proven their worth. They don’t just keep me warm; they allow me to function effectively in a challenging environment. By balancing insulation with flexibility, you can continue shooting in subzero conditions without succumbing to the cold.
My Equipment
On request, I've been asked provide a list of the main winter clothing that keeps me warm, gear that just works for me. While there are many manufacturers that produce high quality, durable clothing I admittedly an drawn to the environmental ethics, sustainability and quality of Norwegian outdoor manufacturer Norrona
Baselayer - Icebreaker Men's 300 MerinoFine™ Polar Long Sleeve Half Zip Thermal Top Baselayer - Men's 300 MerinoFine™ Polar Thermal Leggings
Midlayer - Norrona Falketind Warm Wool Hoody
Midlayer - Norrona Lofoten Primaloft 80 Anorak
Midlayer - Patagonia Nano-Air Insulated Pants
Midlayer - Norrona Falketing Heavy Duty Pants
Outer Layer - Norrona Arktis Gore-Tex Pro Ousland Edition
Outer Layer - Norrona Gore-Tex Pro Rescue Pants with Bib
Gloves - Inner Layer - Hestra Ergo Grip Pro
Gloves - Mid-layer - Hestra Windbreaker Pullover Mitt
Gloves - Outer - Hestra Sirius Polar Mitt
What’s Next?
Are there any specific extreme cold-weather challenges you’ve faced in the field? Let me know in the comments!
Comments